29 July 2011

no more BAD BREATH!





50% of all
        adults suffer from
            BAD BREATH





We all suffer from bad breath at some point, and worse still, our sense of smell can undergo an “adjustment” or sensory blockage in the same way that we are unable to recognize 
the fragrance of our won cologne or perfume.

Therefore in order not to offend others with our bad breath we are forced to speak by drawing breath inwards, ie. Without exhaling.

“Don’t BREATHE on me”

BAD BREATH has two different origins
·       Major plaque build up
·       Periodontal problems
·       Xerostomia or dry mouth syndrome
·       Changes in breath fragrance (medication, viriasis, candidiasis, smoking, alcohol)
·       Badly fitting prostheses or deep cavities
·       Highly plaque – retentive tongue













  • High amounts of digested bacterial plaque
  • Slimming diets
  • Heavy meals, tobacco, alcohol, garlic, onion
  • Early morning bad breath
  • Prolonged intervals without eating
  • Medications
  • Internal body disorders



26 July 2011

Brush Better

Why is brushing essential?
Proper brushing is essential for cleaning the teeth and gums effectively.

How long does it take to properly brush the teeth?
Proper brushing takes at least two minutes. Whether you are using a regular toothbrush or a powered toothbrush, you should spend 30 seconds brushing each section of your mouth (upper right and left, lower right and left.)

What is the right way to brush?
To properly brush your teeth, use short, gentle strokes, paying extra attention to the gumline, hard-to-reach back teeth and areas around fillings, crowns or other restorations. The correct tooth brushing steps are as follows:
1.       Place the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle towards the gumline. Use gentle, short strokes, moving the brush back and forth against the teeth and gums.
2.     Brush inside surface of each tooth in a similar way.
3.     Brush chewing surface of each tooth.
4.    Use tip of brush to brush behind each front tooth, both top and bottom.
5.     For a fresher breath, don’t forget to brush your tongue!

What type of toothbrush should be used?
Most dental professionals agree that a soft-bristled brush is best for removing plaque and debris from your teeth. Small-headed brushes are also preferable, since they can better reach all areas of the mouth, including hard-to-reach back teeth.

What is a powered toothbrush and how is it used?
Better results can be achieved with powered toothbrushes that utilize oscillating-rotating technology than with regular, manual toothbrushes. It can do a better job of cleaning teeth, particularly for those who have difficulty brushing. Powered toothbrushes can be used as follows:

1.        Guide the brush head slowly from tooth to tooth, following the curve of the gum and the shape of each tooth. Hold the brush head in place for a few seconds before moving on to the next tooth.



2.  Don’t forget to reach all areas, including the inner and chewing surfaces, and behind your back teeth.


3.  Direct the brush head along the gumline. No need to press hard or scrub. Simply let the brush do all the work.






DO’S and DON’TS for toothbrush care



19 July 2011

Bruxism


Do you ever wake up in the morning with a sore mouth or jaw? Have you ever slept over at a friend's house and been told, You grind your teeth when you sleep? If so, you might have bruxism.


Bruxism is a condition in which you grind or clench your teeth. It is a habit rather than a reflex chewing activity. If you are bruxist, you may unconsciously clench your teeth together during the day or grind them at night, which is called sleep bruxism.

 
Bruxism may be mild and may not even require treatment. However, it can be frequent and severe enough to lead to physical and oral symtoms are developed. Therefore, it's important to know the signs and symptoms of bruxism and to seek regular dental care.

 
Effects of bruxism
Symptoms and signs of bruxism, which can vary from mildly irritate to medically dangerous, depending on the severity of the condition.

1.     Physical symptoms
·        Headache
·        TMJ (temporamandibular joint) discomfort
·        Facial myalgia (muscle pain)
·        Ear ache- because of severe jaw muscle contractions, not a problem with your ear
·        Tightness and stiffness of the shoulders
·        Limitation of mouth opening
·        Sleep disruption of the individual as well as the bed partner
2.     Oral symptoms
·        Abnormal tooth wear
·        Fracture of the teeth and fillings
·        Teeth sensitivity
·        Gums damage
·        Excessive tooth mobility 

Fractured tooth

Attrition and dentine exposure

Attrition

Abnormal tooth wear



Who is at risk of from bruxism?


Doctors don't completely understand what causes bruxism.
However, the risk of bruxism is increasing if people with,
  • Stressfull  lifestyle
  • Another sleep disorder, such as:
    • Snoring
    • Obstructive sleep apnoea
    • Sleep talking
  • Young children- it usually goes away by adolescence

  • ·         Stimulating substances

o    Smokers
o    High alcohol intake
o    Drink 6 or more cups a day of tea or coffee
  • An uncommon side effect of some psychiatric medications-sleep, depression and anxiety

What Can I Do to Stop Grinding My Teeth?


  • ·         Avoid stress - Learn stress management and relaxation techniques. Seek professional counseling if necessary.
  • ·         Avoid caffeinated and alcoholic beverage - it often make the problem worse.
  • ·         Wear a mouth guard - to prevent tooth damage caused by bruxism. 


Mouth Guard= habit breaker



Red circle-the spot where the teeth grind

Other tips to help you stop teeth grinding include:

  • Do not chew on pencils or pens or anything that is not food. 
  • Avoid chewing gum as it allows your jaw muscles to get more used to clenching and makes you more likely to grind your teeth.
  • Train yourself not to clench or grind your teeth. If you notice that you clench or grind during the day, position the tip of your tongue between your teeth. This practice trains your jaw muscles to relax.
  • Relax your jaw muscles at night by holding a warm washcloth against your cheek in front of your earlobe.

 

口臭!--不是病, 可是真的要人命!



口臭往往让人很无奈,嚼口香糖,茶叶等方式,似乎能让不好的口气暂时缓解,但是不一会的功夫,好像发自身体深处的坏气息,还是会再冒出来,比较糟糕的是,一半以上有口臭的人,可是自己也闻不到。但是,受不了你口气的人,可能只会草草与你结束谈话,却也不知如何提醒你。

要知道自己是否有口臭,可以将左右两手掌合拢并收成封闭的碗状,包住嘴部及鼻头处,然后向聚拢的双掌中呼一口气后紧接着用鼻吸气,就可闻到自己口中的气味是如何的了。

其实口臭不只是让自己的人际关系感到尴尬,同时也意味着健康问题亮起了黄灯。除了因为抽烟或饮酒,喝咖啡以及经常吃洋葱,大蒜,韭菜等辛辣刺激食品等原因外,包括牙龈病变,肠胃机能不佳,肝机能不佳或肝炎,睡眠不足引起的肝火旺(暂时性的肝机能不佳),体质偏酸免疫力低下等问题,都可能引起口臭。

长期口臭问题,首先应该检查本身的牙龈健康,并请牙医检测。患有龋齿,牙龈炎,牙周炎,口腔粘膜炎以及蛀牙,牙周病等口腔疾病的人,其口腔内容易滋生细菌,尤其是厌氧菌,其分解产生出了硫化物,发出腐败的味道,而产生口臭。

有些女性节食减肥,或因病不能进食,妇女或在月经期间出现内分泌紊乱而导致唾液分泌减少,都有可能发生口臭。有些处于青春发育期的女性,卵巢功能不全,性激素水平较低时,口腔组织抵抗力下降,容易感染病菌从而产生口臭。


其实,清晨起床的口臭现象是正常的,因为嘴巴经过一整夜睡觉时间,闷在牙缝及舌头上的有机质会发酵,产生腐臭酸败的味道。不过这种情形可在晚上睡觉前,使用牙线将牙缝中的食物渣滓去除干净,再以牙刷和牙膏确实的刷牙及舌苔后,再入睡。早上起来后,恼人的口臭问题也会减轻许多。加上早上起床后再缺失的刷过一次牙,只要身体健健康康,整天保持好口气,并非难事。


维持良好的口腔卫生,消除牙周疾病,且定期请牙医洗牙、洁牙,都可有效减少口臭。而每天刷两次牙并清洁一次牙缝,若有假牙,晚上必须取下休息,隔天清洁干净后才可戴回,如此口臭的消除都大有助益。


18 July 2011

夜间磨牙

据研究资料保守的估计,夜间磨牙在每二十位成人中有一位,而二十个小孩中三个患有此症。

虽然这种噪音会干扰到其他的人,进而影响彼此的生活。但是受害最严重的却是自己;因为夜间磨牙是经年累月的烦恼,不但会造成本身牙齿及周围组织的破坏,更会形成心理的障碍。
这种在睡觉时强力的磨牙,实际上是神经肌肉系统的一种自动反射。它会在牙尖上造成每平方英寸一千磅(约四百五十四公斤)的力量,如此对於支持牙齿的骨头、牙龈及下颚关节都会造成很严重的伤害。我们首先就其成因来加以讨论:

夜间磨牙形成的因素由Nadler氏区分为3种: 
1.局部因素:大部分由於咬合不正所致。这些牙齿太高的点促
 使上下牙不能很适当地碰在一起,於是病人常会有一种下意
 识的意念,想要使多数的牙齿接触或抵消局部刺激,在儿童
 换牙期,特别会有这种现象。

2.全身因素:肠胃道障碍内分泌不平衡过敏营养不良
 可能和它有关,不过往往很难加以确定。

3.心理因素:当一个人在受惊发怒被排斥、或其他精神上
 不能表达,而在下意识中隐蔽时所引起精神上的紧张,可在
 很多不同的方法中表现出来,其中之一就是夜间磨牙。

多年来大家都相信夜间磨牙是一种紧张的徵候,但近年来有几项研究显示有磨牙和没有磨牙的人在精神上和心理上并没有太大的不同。因此现在大部分的学者都同意情绪的压力是一种导因,而主要原因则存在於病人的口中。

夜间磨牙所造成的伤害
夜间磨牙首先会使牙齿尖端部份逐渐磨平而呈平台状,有时会咬碎牙齿或咬裂牙齿的珐琅质,更甚而造成牙齿的移位而使牙齿之间产生空隙,因而堆塞食物,产生牙龈发炎的疾病。也就也就是说夜间磨牙所产生的强大力量会使牙齿摇动,进而促使牙龈萎缩,若再加上细菌的感染则会加速发展成齿槽脓漏或牙周囊袋的形成,到此时牙齿则难逃拔除的命运了。

有时夜间磨牙的压力会传到下颚关节,可能会导致侧面耳际区域的疼痛。若请牙医检查耳朵,没有问题时,则这种耳痛很可能就是因咬合不正所引起,必须会诊牙医作上、下牙齿间关系的调整。

夜间磨牙该如何治疗
 若知道自己患有夜间磨牙的病症,要先请教牙医,一般来说牙医有时会先给你一个类似拳击手或者足球员的护牙套,让你在晚上睡觉时使用。当然这种牙科所用的护牙套要较远动员所使用的更精确。其目的是要预防牙齿的磨损或者可能会使你磨牙的不良习惯因而戒除掉。
要想根除这种病症,那就得徒牙齿咬合的调整做起。牙齿就是要将那些不吻合的地方加以修整予以合适的咬合关系。当这种修整的工作有许多种,可以用矫正方法来完成,也就是将位置 不正确的牙齿移动到正确位置。

或者以牙齿咬合表面的外形重建,这种称作「咬合平衡」,也就是先作周期性牙齿咬合关系检查,然後修正牙齿上过高的牙脊或修正过的填补物及假牙等。

对于痛苦中的病人来说,这种适当的咬合治疗能使他立刻有种如释重担,身轻如燕的感觉。总之,要信赖牙医并与其配合,让牙医仔细检查分析你的病情,给予最适当的治疗。

15 July 2011

=0至6岁幼儿清洁口腔的方法 =


抹口腔的目的
  • 让宝宝的口腔清洁
  • 使宝宝长大後较易学习及适应刷牙
  • 令宝宝习惯有清洁舒服的口腔
替初生宝宝青洁口腔的步骤
  • 预备纱布、棉花或手帕及一杯白开水
  • 彻底清洁双手
  • 用纱布、棉花或手帕裹着手指,沾些白开水
  • 然後轻轻放进宝宝口腔内,贴着牙肉从上至下绕一个圈来抹乾净
替宝宝抹口腔时可能遇到的疑难
  • 如宝宝不愿意张开口,怎样才能替他抹口腔?
    当家长的手指放到宝宝的嘴边时,宝宝多半以为有奶喝,便会自然地张开口,家长只要耐心地尝试便可成功。
  • 抹口腔时,宝宝咬着家长的手指怎麽办?
    家长放手指入宝宝口腔内,宝宝咬着家长的手指乃是一种自然反应。并不代表宝宝不愿意抹口腔,家长只需继续替宝宝抹口腔,他便会再次张开口。
  • 抹不到宝宝口腔後面的牙肉,怎麽办?
    家长可尝试将手指从宝宝嘴角伸进他的口腔,沿着他的面颊内侧伸到口腔最後面的位置,然後把手指轻轻放在宝宝的上面及下面牙肉末端之间的位置,便能使宝宝张开口,这样就可以抹到後面的牙肉了。
  • 最适合在什麽时候替孩子抹口腔?
    初生宝宝作息的模式还未固定,家长很难界定哪一次是当天的最後一餐奶。那麽,家长只需在晚上选择一个固定时间为宝宝抹口腔便可。到了宝宝长大一些(6个月以上),建立了固定的饮食模式时,家长便可在宝宝吃完睡前的一餐奶後替她抹口腔。
  • 孩子吃完睡前的一餐奶,抹乾净口腔後却不肯睡觉,要求再次吃奶,怎麽办?
    选择在孩子吃完睡前的一餐奶抹口腔,是为了培养孩子有定时清洁口腔的习惯,并让他习惯有一个清洁舒服的口腔才睡觉,渐渐地他便不会再次要求喝奶。很多时 候,宝宝睡前要求喝奶,其实是一种习惯,家长可尝试用清水喂哺他,亦可用其他方法哄他入睡,例如轻轻拍他、唱歌、讲故事等等。
  • 如果宝宝口腔出现飞滋 (复发性口疮),还应该替他抹口腔吗?
    家长仍须继续替宝宝抹口腔,保持他的口腔清洁,以免其他口腔毛病发生。一般来说,飞滋会在两星期左右自然痊愈。
随着上下门牙陆续长出,你可尝试用较柔软婴儿牙刷开水替宝宝刷牙;你亦可选用婴儿牙刷,让宝宝续步体验刷牙的感受。这样,待宝宝的臼齿长出时,他就会较容易适应使用牙刷刷牙。
孩子两岁前,家长应为宝宝选用一支刷毛柔软,刷头长度比一毫子硬币直径小的牙刷。最初用牙刷替孩子清洁牙齿时,暂不需使用牙膏,待孩子懂得吐水後才开始使用牙膏

要有效地为宝宝清洁牙齿,刷牙时最好顺序刷及使用正确的刷牙方法:
  • 先刷全部牙齿的外侧面
  • 再刷所有牙齿的内侧面
  • 最後刷全部臼齿的咀嚼面
  • 家长帮宝宝刷牙时,可让他坐在你的大腿上或让他躺在床上,这样会较容易看清楚宝宝的牙齿。
孩子2岁後,可让他学习自己刷。在孩子26岁前这个阶段,家长要为他转用一支刷头长度不超过两毫子硬币直径的牙刷孩子懂得吐水, 应让他用一粒青豆般分量的含氟化物儿童牙膏,每天起床及晚上睡前刷牙由於孩子的手部小肌肉尚在发育中刷牙技巧未能完全掌握,为了确保孩子的牙齿刷 得乾净,家长每晚替他补刷牙齿一次
家长可以站在孩子後侧面,用一只手轻托他的下巴,让孩子的头部稍微向上,这样有助家长替孩子刷牙。 

检查口腔  
家长应在宝宝长出第一只牙齿之後的6个月内带他作第一次口腔检查,然後每隔半年至一年定期检查口腔一次。原因是:
  • 牙科医生可藉着宝宝每年的口腔纪录,监察他的情况,确保他的口腔健康
  • 牙科医生可向家长提供适切宝宝需要的口腔护理指导,让宝宝尽早养成良好的口腔护理习惯,预防牙患
  • 若宝宝在全部乳齿完全长出後才作定期检查,他可能已经养成了不适当的饮食习惯及不良的口腔卫生习惯,甚至已有牙患
  • 宝宝自小有检查口腔的习惯,他能在轻松愉快的口腔检查过程中与牙科医生建立良好的关系,日後更易於与牙科医生合作
注意:孩子如在1618个月大仍未长出牙齿,家长就须带他检查口腔,找出原因。

家长可为孩子作第一次口腔检查的准备:
  • 告诉孩子牙医会照顾他的牙齿
  • 向孩子描述牙科诊所的环境和牙医的工作,跟他玩检查口腔的角色扮演游戏
  • 预先告诉孩子检查口腔的日期,让他做好心理准备