牙周疾病对健康的危害

牙周疾病对健康的危害

医学界报道：严重牙周病能夺人性命！！！

以往人们错误的认为只有到老年才会受到牙周病的困扰，其实从5岁开始，牙周病就开始“腐蚀”我 们的健康了。牙周病的早期症状不易引起重视，八成以上市民患有牙周病，研究证实：引起牙周病的牙周感染，可导致心脑血管疾病。牙周细菌产生的酶能促使体内 血栓形成，导致心脏病或中风。牙周病的患者发生冠心病的几率是正常人的1.5倍，中风的几率是正常人的2.1倍，老年肺炎与牙周病有密切关系。

牙周病与全身健康的关系

1、糖尿病


研究表明，口腔细菌可能加速血糖代谢不良，血糖代谢不良反过来又会加重口腔疾病，形成恶性循环。牙周感染所引起的慢性炎症会降低胰岛素的敏感性，出现胰岛素抵抗。因此牙周炎作为患病率很高的炎症性疾病，很可能潜在的威胁着宿主的全身健康。

2、心脑血管病

专家们在对急性心肌梗死患者进行全身检查时发现，患者大多存在不同程度的口腔疾病， 这些细菌可产生内毒素并侵入血液，引起凝血机制的改变和血小板的变性，还可直接刺激血管，导致小动脉痉挛。如果冠状动脉受累，发生收缩痉挛，再加上微小血 栓的作用，就会引起中风、急性心肌梗塞的发生。约8％的感染性心内膜炎与牙周病和牙病有关。

3、呼吸道疾病

研究发现，老年人所患肺炎与牙周疾病关系密切。口腔内的大量细菌可以被吸入肺部，导致肺炎。牙 菌斑尤其是牙周炎患者的菌斑可能是呼吸道致病菌的寄居地。口腔卫生差者慢性呼吸道疾病的发病率是口腔卫生良好者的1.77倍。研究发现，牙槽骨吸收增多使 慢性阻塞性肺病的危险性增加。

4、婴儿健康

如果孕妇患有严重的牙周病，那么出现早产、新生儿体重过低的几率比健康孕妇高7倍早产低体重儿与母亲患牙周炎有关。一些研究者在羊水和羊膜中检出口腔微生物。来自口腔的暂时性菌血症通过血液传播和胎盘感染羊水。口腔机遇性致病菌和/或炎症产物可以通过血液对早产起作用。

5、消化道疾病

幽门螺杆菌是慢性胃炎、胃溃疡甚至胃癌的致病菌。且牙周病的菌斑中幽门螺杆菌的检出率高于牙周健康者，龈下菌斑Hp的检出率亦较治疗前显着下降，从而降低胃病发生的可能性。

此外，牙周疾病作为感染病灶，还能引起如风湿性或类风湿性关节炎、肾小球肾炎、虹膜睫状体炎等。牙周细菌还可以通过唾液传染，尤其是父母与小孩、配偶之间频繁接触。

世界卫生组织制定的口腔健康标准是：“牙齿清洁；无龋齿；无疼痛感；牙龈颜色正常，无出血现 象”，按该标准，龋齿只是四个标准之一，而“无疼痛感；牙龈颜色正常，无出血现象”两个标准则指向牙齿的“土壤环境”——牙周的健康。而不是一提到“爱 牙”就是指预防虫牙。专家介绍，牙周炎可以影响心脏、肺脏、肾脏等重要脏器的功能，牙周炎患者发生冠心病、糖尿病和脑血管病的概率远远高于牙周健康人群。

引起牙周病的主要因素是牙菌斑和牙石，牙菌斑和牙石引起牙周组织发炎，破坏牙周纤维，使牙齿松动甚至自行脱落。

女性和牙床疾病

女性的需要

当一位女性经过生命不同的阶段时，他的健康需要也会随着改变。荷尔蒙也会在成长不同的阶段，比如成熟期、怀孕期、停经期及月经期等等，而随着调整和改变。这些改变会影响牙床及增加牙床疾病的可能性。

什么是牙床疾病？

牙床疾病是因细菌和在牙床里的有毒物体所造成的。牙石是一种常在牙齿上所形成无色和有粘性的物体。这些细菌和有毒物体会使牙龈发炎及容易流血。有时你可能无法察觉到这些症状。这是早期的牙床疾病。这时期牙龈不会感觉到疼痛或许仅有点疼痛。最常听到的埋怨是：“我在刷牙时，牙龈会流血。”

如果这症状持续，这些细菌和有毒物体便会侵犯牙龈和毁坏支撑牙齿的骨骼。牙齿就会变松，也可能会掉落。这是中期的牙床疾病。通常，牙龈会在疾病的后期才会感到疼痛。

如果你不知道你目前的牙床健康，你可以在下次牙诊时，询问牙医。增加牙床疾病的可能性的其中一个因素是荷尔蒙的改变。你目前牙龈的问题也可能随着荷尔蒙的改变而变得更严重。

成熟期和月经期

在成熟时期，荷尔蒙的数量有一定的增加。这便会增加牙床的敏感性而因此使食物和牙石对牙龈带来更大的负面影响。牙龈会发炎，变得红肿，被触摸到时也会感到疼痛。同样的有些女性在月经期的前三至四天会体验到这些症状。有些则会体验到较严重的症状，比如牙龈流血、牙龈红肿及口里长水泡。通常在月经开始后，这些症状就会消失。

怀孕期

有些女性可能在怀孕的第二和第三个月里体验到孕期牙床疾病。病情可能随着孕期而渐渐的严重。牙龈会发炎、变得红肿、疼痛，甚至流血。有时，牙龈可能对食物及牙石有强烈的反应而变得红肿，也会在口里起泡。这些在口里隆起的泡通常是无痛的。有些可能在孕期后会消失，但有些却需要牙医去除。

在怀孕时，要避免这些牙龈问题最好的防范措施就是保持牙床的健康。你应当在计划怀孕时，去找牙医做一次全面的牙齿和牙床检查。

如果你已经怀孕，你应当了解你口腔的健康会直接影响到胎儿的健康。许多早期的报告都察觉到孕妇在孕期受到的感染，包括牙床感染，都可能造成胎儿早产及影响婴儿的体重。因此产期前的健康照顾应该包括牙床保健。所以说，日常的牙齿和牙龈照顾能在孕期时避免许多不必要的牙床烦恼。

口饮避孕法

如果你在服用避孕丸或是荷尔蒙补充丸，你可能与孕妇一样，比较倾向于牙床疾病。这是因为这些补充丸所含有的人造荷尔蒙是依照孕期时的荷尔蒙仿造的。你也必须知道这些人造荷尔蒙会与某些抗生素产生效果而减少抗生素的有效性。因此你必须让你的牙医知道你正在服用的所有药物品。

停经期

停经后的女性可能会体验到种种不同的口腔不适。这包括了牙龈疼痛、牙龈有灼烧感及口感更改。虽然荷尔蒙补充医疗能减轻这些症状。我们还是应该让牙医诊断来衡量医疗对本身的有效性。市场上都有售卖不同的口水代替品，比如漱口剂及润口胶等等。这些都能滋润口腔及减轻牙龈的灼伤感。

总结

女性的健康状况都会随着不同成长的阶段而改变牙齿和牙龈的健康，对成熟不同的阶段都有一定的影响。平日在家里的牙齿保健和固定的专业牙齿检查都能确保终生的牙齿和牙龈健康。

DIABETES & PERIODONTAL DISEASE

Diabetes is a serious disease in which the body loses its ability to control the level of blood sugar in the blood. It is caused by either a deficiency in insulin production, or an inability of the body to utilize the hormone.

It is essential for diabetes to monitor and keep their condition under control. While some control their diabetes with insulin, most control it through medication, diet and exercise. In addition, if you are a diabetic, you need to keep your mouth and gums free from infection, as this may have a significant impact on the control of your diabetes.

Periodontal disease has been recently recognized as the ‘sixth’ major complication of diabetes. Diabetic have a higher prevalence of periodontal disease as well as more severe and more rapidly progressive forms of the periodontal disease than non-diabetics. Individuals with poorly controlled blood sugar levels also tend to exhibit more periodontal disease than well-controlled diabetics.

Why is gum disease significant to me as a diabetic?

As a diabetic, you have a poorer immune response to infection. If your diabetes is not well-controlled, you are more likely to have periodontal disease. You may also develop periodontal abscesses (gum boils).

periodontal abscess=gum boils

Abscesses are swellings of the gums that have become infected and are often painful. The presence of periodontal disease may also affect your body’s ability to process and use insulin. This may cause your diabetes to be more difficult to control, resulting in your periodontal disease becoming more severe than a non-diabetic.

What other symptoms may I have?

In addition to being more susceptible to periodontal disease, you may also experience:

• Delayed wound healing (mouth ulcers, tooth sockets after extractions, oral surgical wounds)

•   Decreased or reduced flow of saliva  

• Burning sensation in the mouth or the tongue

These symptoms are more likely to occur if your diabetes is not well-controlled.

How can I prevent periodontal disease?

Since bacteria in plaque cause the disease, you have to

1.     Remove plaque from your teeth daily by careful, effective brushing and flossing

2.     Regular visits to your dentist. Your dentist will check the status of your gums and teeth, and perform a professional cleaning to remove the calculus and plaque that has build up in areas that have been missed out during your own cleaning.

3.     Require more frequent visits to your dentist to check for recurrence of disease and for your maintenance care if you have already been treated for periodontal disease

 

What must I do if I have periodontal disease?

See your dentist, or a periodontist (gum specialist).

1. Treatment for patients with well-controlled diabetes is similar to that for non-diabetic.

        This consists of a thorough cleaning that includes scaling and root planning. 

    2. If your disease is more advanced, you may require further, more complex 
        treatment.



    3. It is usually advisable to schedule your appointments in the early morning after you 

       have had your breakfast. This would help to prevent severe or sudden drops in 

       your blood sugar level during treatment.

      

For those with problems keeping their diabetes under control, treatment for their periodontal disease is less predictable and the periodontal disease may take longer to resolve.

Dental care, which is specifically aimed at monitoring the health of the periodontal tissues and providing the necessary treatment.

 

Dealing with SENSITIVE Teeth

The very first thing you need to do is to find out the cause of your sensitivity. Your dental professional is the perfect person to help you pin down the reason for your sensitivity and find you a solution. If your sensitivity is due to dentin exposure, then there are a number of steps that you can take to curb it:

• Switch to a very soft bristle toothbrush

• Brush correctly to help prevent further abrasion of the enamel and recession of the gums

• Use a toothpaste specially formulated to help reduce sensitivity

• Rub the toothpaste on your gums to ease the ache

In some cases your sensitivity issue may require further attention. Speak to your dentist about other measures you can take to prevent sensitivity in your teeth. Your dental professional can:

• Apply a fluoride varnish on the sensitive areas to help strengthen the tooth

• Prescribe a high fluoride toothpaste to use every day

• Place a dental restoration to build up the areas that have lost enamel

预防孩子在儿童时期出现牙齿问题的一些窍门

1. 在妊辰期避免长期服用四环素类抗生素，在孩子8岁以前也不要给他服用四环素。因为四环素使乳牙和恒牙染色，而且这种颜色是很难去除或遮盖。
2. 如果当地的供水已氟化得比较合理，那就不必再给您的孩子吃含氟的维他命。
3. 避免给孩子吃含高卡路里的食物或零食，例如糖果等，因为它们会加快牙齿的龋坏。
4. 观察您孩子有没有紧咬牙或夜磨牙的习惯。让牙医检查他们的牙齿表面有无磨损。另外，还要注意孩子有无头痛、背痛或颈痛等，这些都有可能与紧咬牙或夜磨牙有关。
5. 如果孩子牙齿拥挤，一定要咨询牙医。早期的正畸治疗是很有效的。如果发现孩子一个恒牙萌出，但相对应的乳牙还没脱落，应马上向医生求助。
6. 如果需要进行正畸治疗，那就要做好口腔卫生保健，并定期到牙医那里检查。另外还要避免吃精致的糖类，因为这类食物会使牙齿龋坏和变色，且不易被发现，但当带环和托槽被去除后，就会变得非常明显。
7. 了解一下充填物的材料，它们有可能是黄金、塑胶、银汞或其他。知道充填材料能用多久和哪种材料能或应该用来给孩子做治疗。
8. 要是前牙出现微小的崩缺或折断，可以用粘结术修复。乳牙的严重龋坏或折断有时需要做套冠来修复。对于后牙可以采用银色的或不锈钢做套冠。对前牙则可采用塑胶或复合树脂做套冠，因为颜色与牙齿相似。
9. 如果牙齿能保留的就尽量不要拔除，最好维护牙齿的健康状态。如果乳牙提前脱落或移位，咨询您的牙医，看看这一空隙（为里牙萌出提供的空间）是否需要做保持器维持。间隙没有得到保持，以后常常需要做正畸治疗。

AGE 1-10

How to teach your child correct oral and dental care

Too often parents let their children get away with such little tricks when they’re young. After all, think the parents, they’re only the milk teeth and they don’t last anyway.

But although it’s true that milk teeth only last till the child is between 8 to 12 years old, what many parents do NOT realize is that the health of permanent teeth is very dependent on the health of those first milk teeth.

Healthy teeth are precious but fragile asset for any child. Parents should not neglect their care at any stage. After the child is more than two or three years old his/her teeth should be brushed after every meal, particularly after the evening meal. Of course initially the brushing must be performed by the parents, and the children taught to take over as they get older.

THE RIGHT WAT TO BRUSH THEIR TEETH

The whole purpose of brushing one’s teeth is to remove a potentially destructive substance called dental plaque. It is procedure which would be carried out twice every day, and done thoroughly. That means using the correct technique. 

Here’s how dentists suggest it be done:

1.    Never brush the teeth of the upper and lower jaws simultaneously, always do just one jaw at a time.

2.    Observe a fixed brushing routine so as not to forget anything. Make sure you clean the back teeth thoroughly, and in behind the incisors.

3.    Direct your toothbrush carefully: start from the gum and work at an angle 45 °. Remember that the effectiveness of brushing depends on careful cleaning of the sulcus, inter dental spaces and the neck of each tooth.

4.    Develop a good brushing motion: always use a rotating movement, upward for the lower teeth and downward for the upper teeth.

MOI method for kids:

M=Masticatory surfaces: brush with small horizontal movements. Start at the back and brush slowly towards the front.

O= Outer surfaces: clean them with small circular movements.

I= Inner surfaces: use small up and down movements.

TIPS:

Don’t forget that comprehensive dental care for your children also includes:

·       A visit to the dentist for a checkup at least twice a year.

·       Encouraging good eating habits i.e. prohibit excessive sugar intake and snacks between meals.

A PRIZE…..FOR THE BRIGHTEST TEETH!

From the moment those first teeth come up, it’s time for mum to introduce her child to correct dental care. Important factors are the correct size and type of toothbrush, the right brushing technique and the use of fluoride tooth paste.

认识美白牙齿3大误区

越来越多的人趋之若鹜地追求牙齿美白，从明星的美容牙冠、钻石牙到普罗大众的光氟化牙美白，其方法很多。在众多牙齿美白名目中，作为普通消费者，会有哪些误区盲点？

误区1：美白牙膏能代替专业光氟化牙美白

无论从全面美白效果还是健康角度来讲，美白牙膏相对都不是合适的选择。美白牙膏主要是因为加入了化学成分，并通过摩擦剂与牙表的色斑发生摩擦，而是色斑、色迹与牙齿表面分离，从而达到美白的目的。

    这种方法对牙齿表面暂时性附着的斑迹有一定作用，但对于牙刷触及不到的地方和顽固性牙迹，去除作用不大。而且长期使用美白牙膏会令牙齿表面变得粗糙，让牙迹更容易沉积在牙齿表面。

误区2：牙齿越白越好

    牙齿美白的标准是，牙齿的洁白度与自己白眼球的颜色相当就可以了，如果增白效果太突出，反而会影响面容和谐。

误区3：光氟化牙美白维持很久

    很多网友在做了牙齿美白以后议论自己做牙后持续时间，一般都会在五六年左右，但是网友称自己只维持了6个月。6个月到5年的10倍差距，差别在哪里呢？

    不吸烟、不喝咖啡和茶的人在进行了牙美白程序后很长时间，其牙齿色度通常很少或不会有什么改变。你美白效果的持久性取决于你的习性和你吃的具体食物。看来，牙齿美白并不像我们认为的一定很简单。

咖啡、茶爱好者如何让黄迹一扫光？

    诱人的咖啡、馥郁的花草茶、可口可乐等有颜色的饮料等都会在我们的牙齿上留下痕迹。起初，你的肉眼看不出分别，但几年之后，你牙齿的颜色已被“和平演变”。所以，还需防微杜渐，从每天的护牙洁齿习惯开始。

1.喝过咖啡、茶后记得漱口
喝过咖啡和茶等有色饮料后记得提醒自己用温水漱口。可以尽量减少咖啡，茶迹等在牙齿上的驻留，不让牙齿被着色。当然，更重要的原则是，将每天喝咖啡或者茶的数量控制在3杯以内。

2.定期去洗牙

每半年应该去专业的吃客诊所做一次牙齿的彻底清洁。如此一来，平时躲在口腔角落里的污迹也能在医生的帮助下彻底清除干净了。

3.做冷光美白

冷光美白的原理将增白剂直接作用于牙齿，通过过氧化氢与牙齿表面的氧化还原反应，达到美白牙齿的功效。操作过程中，医生会用冷光美白灯辅助照射，避免了对牙神经的损害。一般8分钟为一个疗程，操作前医生会用“固化树脂”保护你的牙龈；操作后医生会根据你的情况，确定是否需要进行后面的2~3个疗程的治疗，以达到最理想的效果。冷光美白的效果可以保持2年左右。有些人在冷光美白后牙齿会有轻微的酸胀，这是正常现象，一般在12个小时以后便会自动消失，如有需要可服用一片止痛药，减缓症状。

3

特别提醒：冷光牙齿美白后一天内牙齿最易染色，因此，美白后24小时内不要喝咖啡、可乐等饮料，也不要食用深色食物，更不要吸烟。

4.烤瓷美白

除了通过贴面的方式让牙齿恢复亮白之外，烤瓷牙也是个选择。

烤瓷牙使用金属制做一个基底冠，然后把基底冠在高温下将瓷熔附在合金冠表面形成的烤瓷牙冠。可用于做全冠、桩冠、固定桥及种植牙的人工牙。烤瓷牙后能与自然牙的牙色一致，烤瓷牙成色泽好，外形十分的逼真，而且表面光滑耐磨，耐腐蚀不变色、不变形等是其优点，所以这是一种较理想的方法。现在做烤瓷牙的技术比较成熟，倍受年轻男女的青睐。另外，由于烤瓷牙表面细菌无法生存，因此除了美白效果外，还不会出现蛀牙。理论上如果牙龈健康不出问题，能保持十几年甚至终生。美中不足的是做烤瓷牙先要把原本的牙齿磨小，会对牙齿造成破坏。

特别提醒：应该使用专用的牙刷、牙膏，细心呵护牙齿，坚持早中晚刷牙、漱口，保持口腔内环境的清洁。另外，要定期到牙科复诊，可及时清除牙齿的外源性色素沉着，使你的美白疗效更持久。烤瓷牙技术比较复杂，所以选择一名有经验的牙医是很关键的。

资料来源---星洲日报